OpenStack与庞大复杂的原始系统对接OpenStack 模块的松散耦合和不稳定性大规模集群部署中的瓶颈传统运营方式面临的挑战他们的IT基础设施以其更高效、更灵活、更易于部署、更安全、更可控的架构，为客户提供更便捷的信息查询、在线购票、电子支付等网络服务。基于铁路运维的特点和需求，需要进一步开发基于OpenStack的中铁云，满足稳定性、可靠性、可用性和安全性的标准，解决OpenStack模块和组件的不足，支持铁路行业超大规模私有云的部署和实施。

The University of Edinburgh aimed to implement an OpenStack-based private cloud to provide its researchers with flexible, self-served computing services. The goal was to build a solution on an advanced, flexible, and cost-effective platform using open-source technologies. The private cloud, conceptualized in April 2016, needed to be operational by September 2016 to coincide with the academic year. The objective was to enable enhanced computational and data services tailored to the University's high-value and fast-growing Data Science research workloads, including Spark and Hadoop computational workloads. The solution was designed to be scalable, initially targeting 200+ hypervisors, and to complement the University's existing computational capacity.

Time Warner Cable faced challenges in managing hundreds of internal and external applications across multiple data centers. The central Cloud DevOps team was responsible for managing the OpenStack cloud and setting up policies, while application development teams, referred to as 'Tenants,' used services in a self-service manner through OpenStack Horizon, REST API, and CLI. The primary requirements included self-service, fully automated provisioning through Horizon, REST API, and CLI, along with enterprise-grade ADC features such as high availability (HA), SSL, and multi-tenancy integrated with Keystone. Additionally, there was a need for per-tenant isolation of load balancer instances and integration with automation tools like Puppet, Ansible, and Heat. Existing solutions posed several challenges: hardware ADCs were inflexible and required opening tickets for changes, open-source solutions lacked advanced features and high availability, and virtual ADCs involved complex orchestration. Furthermore, there was a lack of visibility into VIP configuration and performance.

Many enterprise organizations are seeking to enhance their agility and speed in the software-defined economy. They are turning to OpenStack for its open APIs, flexible architecture, and large commercial ecosystem to compete in a new paradigm of software development and deployment. However, these enterprises also operate large VMware-based virtualized infrastructures to support a legacy of mission-critical, scale-up applications and enterprise databases. They value VMware for its compute, network, storage, and management technologies but are encountering new use cases that demand agility. The challenge is to combine the agility offered by cloud computing while maintaining the stability and resiliency of their traditional environment. Enterprises are questioning whether OpenStack can replace their current VMware ESX servers, if there is feature parity between OpenStack and vSphere, and if there are benefits to using both.

The Magellan system, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, was designed to evaluate the usefulness of cloud computing for technical computing workloads. The initial phase involved constructing a large-scale system at Argonne National Laboratory to operate as a private cloud and assess its applicability to scientific applications. The team faced challenges with the scalability and stability of the early open-source implementation of the EC2 APIs, which proved inadequate for their goal of scaling to 700 nodes. This led them to explore other cloud stacks, eventually considering OpenStack for its potential to manage large-scale cloud environments effectively.

Deploying OpenStack in a large enterprise like American Airlines presents several challenges. The first challenge is choosing between a distribution or upstream OpenStack, ensuring the infrastructure needs align with the right distribution. Dealing with older hardware and updating drivers can lead to months of delays. Troubleshooting OpenStack requires unique knowledge of its services and dependencies, and finding skilled personnel is difficult. Convincing application teams to adopt OpenStack and newer deployment methods like Ansible and containers is another hurdle. Upgrades, though less intrusive now, still pose unique challenges.

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) faced the challenge of extending its supercomputing capabilities to a broader range of scientific research projects. The laboratory needed a flexible and scalable cloud infrastructure to support its diverse research needs, which include physical and environmental sciences, neutron and nuclear science, and more. The existing supercomputing platforms provided the necessary processing power and analytics capabilities, but there was a need for an on-demand, self-service cloud solution to complement these resources. ORNL recognized the importance of open standards and components to ensure the flexibility and scalability of the underlying technology. The laboratory sought a solution that could provide enterprise-class support and reliability while maintaining the agility to scale and meet demand without compromising availability, performance, or IT security requirements.

Memset Hosting faced the challenge of deploying a highly secure and available public cloud platform that meets the strict requirements of the UK Government. The organization needed to ensure that their cloud services were not only secure but also highly performant to cater to both public and private sector needs in the UK. Additionally, Memset had to overcome operational challenges associated with integrating OpenStack into their existing business infrastructure, particularly during upgrades and patching cycles. The organization also aimed to maintain customer satisfaction by ensuring minimal downtime and seamless service delivery.

Over the last years, BBVA realized that there was significant effort involved in running, maintaining and upgrading the different OpenStack services. When they realized container/Docker technology could be very beneficial for this, they went for the challenge and revised their architecture to become fully containerized and to virtualize their infrastructure networks.

PSBC, a major commercial bank in China with over 40,000 outlets and nearly 490 million customers, faced the challenge of transitioning its vast customer base from offline to online services. The bank's extensive coverage across urban and rural areas required a robust and scalable solution to support its mobile Internet service platform. The challenge was to provide seamless Internet banking services, including small consumer loans, mobile banking, and self-service banking apps, while ensuring customer satisfaction and maintaining the bank's reputation for reliability.

Facing competition from IPTV service providers, Oriental Cable Network (OCN) needed to transform its infrastructure into an agile, flexible, and scalable platform. The goal was to host dozens of operation and interactive systems for delivering new, high-value, feature-rich media and entertainment services. The transformation required openness, scalability, and continuity, leading OCN to evaluate open-source approaches. The need for a modularized, scalable, and automated hosting platform without proprietary APIs was critical. OCN's infrastructure transformation was driven by the necessity to keep pace with rapidly growing business demands and to make a fundamental change in viewing infrastructure both technically and operationally.

Commonwealth Bank, one of the largest banks in the world, faced challenges in maturing its data management and machine learning processes. The bank needed to advance through three levels of maturity: experimentation, productionization, and decisioning. Initially, the bank used large Hadoop clusters based on physical servers, which came with constraints such as high costs and limited flexibility. The bank aimed to cloud-enable its technologies to make experimentation faster, cheaper, and more deterministic.

China UnionPay faced the challenge of transforming its IT infrastructure to support its growing business needs and improve operational efficiency. The organization needed to reduce the time required to provision resources for applications, which previously took several days. Additionally, UnionPay aimed to enhance its business agility and support a large number of users and transactions efficiently. The existing infrastructure was not sufficient to meet these demands, and there was a need for a more robust and scalable solution. Furthermore, UnionPay needed to integrate its systems with other financial institutions and partners, such as China Eastern Airlines and Bank of Shanghai, to support collaborative applications. The organization also faced the challenge of participating actively in the OpenStack community to contribute and gain insights from other users and developers.

The French government, through its Interior Ministry, sought to modernize its IT infrastructure by adopting a cloud-based solution. The goal was to support bureaucratic reforms and improve the efficiency of public services. The Ministry needed a robust, secure, and efficient cloud platform to handle various applications, including processing asylum requests and privatizing the driver's license test. The challenge was to implement a digital platform that could support agile development, continuous delivery, and integration while meeting national security standards.

City Network faced several operational challenges while running OpenStack as a Public IaaS. OpenStack was not fully adapted for public clouds, which required City Network to build their own APIs to ensure network connectivity across multiple sites. They also needed to add features such as volume copy and the ability to move volumes between sites. Additionally, they encountered issues with upgrading to new OpenStack versions, although this process has improved over time. Despite these challenges, City Network has been able to innovate and expand their cloud services globally.

VEXXHOST faced challenges in rolling upgrades with OpenStack, which were initially difficult but have become easier with new releases. They encountered a bug after upgrading to the Pike release, which was quickly addressed by the OpenStack community. This experience increased their trust in OpenStack's CI and their confidence in the software.

The UK government, recognized as the most digitally advanced by the UN, faces the challenge of transforming itself to deliver better services with fewer resources. The focus is on developing shared digital systems and processes to build user-centric government services. Initiatives like GOV.UK Verify, Pay, and Notify are part of this transformation. The challenge is to use public cloud services effectively for government information and services, while also allowing individual departments to innovate using shared services and microservices on a common open cloud infrastructure.

atmail faced the challenge of replacing aging hardware in multiple data centers to maximize cost efficiency and increase flexibility. They needed to transition to a cloud-based infrastructure with minimal impact on their customers. The company had to revisit their architecture at both the software and infrastructure layers to ensure security, performance, and scalability. The transition involved significant decisions about what to re-code and what to work around, as their pre-cloud setup was based on the idea of a mail server in a box. Automation and testing were critical components of this transition.

The Insurance Australia Group (IAG) faced the challenge of transforming its data architecture to enable real-time data processing and integration. The existing infrastructure was not capable of supporting the rapid development and deployment of data products, which was necessary to improve internal operations and customer interactions. Additionally, IAG needed a solution that could enhance performance metrics and facilitate the delivery of open-source software solutions. The organization also aimed to contribute to the open-source community by sharing its innovations and solutions.

The U.S. Army Cyber School (USACYS) faced the challenge of training and educating soldiers in a rapidly evolving technological landscape. The need was to ensure that soldiers are well-prepared to defend national interests using advanced computer science, electrical engineering, robotics, physics, and mathematics. Initially, the infrastructure was limited, with only three borrowed servers connected via CAT6 cables. This setup was insufficient to meet the growing demands of a comprehensive and up-to-date training program. The challenge was to transition from this rudimentary setup to a more robust, scalable, and efficient system that could support a large number of users and provide a seamless learning experience. Additionally, there was a need to integrate various educational tools and platforms to ensure that the curriculum remained relevant and technically accurate while minimizing the time and effort required for content curation.